Stage Two:
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During stage two, the activated electrons travel along a down gradient creating energy. Some of which is stored in the form of ATP and NADPH, and used as energy to initiate other cycles or stages, thus no energy is lost or wasted. These reactions in the stroma use the ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2 and produce sugar. This is known as a Redox reaction because the O2 portion of the CO2 is reduced. The electron transport reaction catalyzed by the enzyme Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, or RuBisCO for short, is a type of protein which provides the necessary energy to initiate carbon fixation.